How to write 塵

塵 chén 〈名〉 【本义】:塵土 1. Dust; flying earth. (e.g., flying dust, dust and dirt, small matters) 例: ~土 (dust), ~埃 (dust), ~垢 (dirt), ~芥 (dust and small grass, metaphor for trivial matters), 粉~ (powdery dust), 煙~ (smoky dust), 甚囂~上 (in the midst of noise and dust), 望~莫及 (unreachable in the dust). 2. In Buddhism and Taoism, refers to the human world. 例: 紅~ (the world of mortals), ~世 (the secular world). 3. Metaphorically refers to something vulgar or dirty. 例: ~陋 (vulgar and shallow). 4. The world; human society, also called: 塵間 (human realm), 塵濁 (worldly filth), 塵市 (material world), 塵域 (dusty territory), 塵海 (ocean of dust). 例: 紅塵 (the flourishing world), 塵凡 (secular world). 5. Trace; history. 例: 步後塵 (walking in someone’s footsteps), 前塵 (past traces). 6. A unit of weight. Ten angstroms is referred to as "塵". 7. A surname. 〈动〉 To cover with dust; to dirty. 例: 塵顏 (dusty face), 塵黷 (to stain), 塵面 (a face stained with dust), 塵目 (dusty eyes). 引: 謙詞 (humble term) for having dirt in one’s eyes.