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Pinyin
xiān
Definition
early / prior / former / in advance / first
先 [xiān]
1. Time is in front, sequence is in front, opposite of "后" (hòu) (after): earlier, before; 先前 (xiān qián) - before; 先期 (xiān qī) - previously; 原先 (yuán xiān) - originally; 先驱 (xiān qū) - forerunner.
2. The earlier generation or generations of a family or ethnicity: 先人 (xiān rén) - ancestors; 先世 (xiān shì) - ancestors; 先民 (xiān mín) - early inhabitants.
3. A respectful term for deceased persons: 先祖 (xiān zǔ) - ancestors; 先父 (xiān fù) - deceased father; 先哲 (xiān zhé) - deceased wise person; 先烈 (xiān liè) - martyrs; 先贤 (xiān xián) - eminent predecessors.
4. A surname.
动 【dòng】
本义: 前进,走在前面 (Original meaning: Move forward, walk in front)
造字法: 会意。据甲骨文,上面是“止”(脚),下面是“人”。意思是脚已走在人的前面 (Character formation: Ideographic. In oracle bone script, the upper part is "止" (foot), the lower part is "人" (person). It means the foot is already in front of the person.)
1. 同本义 (Same original meaning): advance.
引
- 《说文》: 先,前进也。
- 屈原《九歌·国殇》: 旌蔽日兮敌若云,矢交坠兮士争先。
- 宋·司马光《资治通鉴》: 恐为操所先。
例:
- 身先士卒 (Leading by example); 争先恐后 (Rushing forward, fearing to lag behind).
2. 尊崇;重视 (Attach importance to):
引
- 《史记·本准书》: 安宁则长庠序,先本绌末,以礼义防于利。
例:
- 先本 (Emphasize the fundamentals).
3. 首创;开始 (Initiate; begin):
引
- 《庄子·刻意》: 不为福先,不为祸始。
例:
- 先志 (Set ambitions first); 先事 (Prioritize tasks).
名 【míng】
1. 当初;先前 (Initially; before):
引
- 《红楼梦》: 丢三忘四,惹人抱怨,竟不大象先了。
例:
- 先起头 (Previously); 先日 (A few days ago).
2. 先世;祖先 (Ancestors):
引
- 《报任安书》: 仆之先非有剖符丹书之功。
例:
- 先陇 (Ancestor's grave).
3. 前导;前驱 (Forerunner; pioneer):
引
- 《韩非子·五蠹》: 以为民先。
例:
- 先引 (Guide).
4. 姓 (A surname).
形 【xíng】
1. 前,时间或次序在前 (In front, earlier in time or order):
引
- 《史记·廉颇蔺相如列传》: 以先国家之急。
2. 古时的;先前的,先代的 (Old; ancient):
引
- 《礼记·月令》: 天子乃荐鞠衣于先帝。
3. 首要,根本 (Chief; fundamental):
引
- 《庄子·天道》: 末学者,古人有之,而非所以先也。
4. 上 (Superior):
引
- 唐·韩愈《和侯协律咏笋》: 短长终不校,先后竟谁论?
5. 已故的。称呼死者的敬词 (The deceased):
引
- 明·归有光《项脊轩志》: 先大母婢也。
副 【fù】
指事情、行为发生在前 (Indicates that events or actions occur before):
引
- 三国魏·邯郸淳《笑林》: 树下先有落叶。
*引自繁体辞典解释:
动
1. 不当超前而超前。
2. 领导、率导。
distinguished precursor / famous thinker of antiquity
to fight at the head of one's troops / (fig.) to take the lead
predictable / sth one can predict without being a clairvoyant
early or late / priority / in succession / one after another
striving to be first and fearing to be last (idiom); outdoing one another
to rush (to do sth urgent) / to try to be the first / to forestall
攘 外 必 先 安 内 rǎng wài bì xiān ān nèi
You must first settle inside
the quick-footed climb up first (idiom) / the early bird catches the worm / first come, first served
擒 贼 先 擒 王 qín zéi xiān qín wáng
destroy the leader and the gang will collapse
first decapitate then present your trophy (idiom); act first, report later
first (of all) / in the first place
early or late / priority / in succession / one after another
advanced (technology) / to advance
vanguard / pioneer / avant-garde
originally / original / former
to precede others / in advance
to take the lead / to show initiative
in the van / in the front ranks / at the head
inborn / innate / natural
pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC
teacher / husband / doctor (dialect) / CL:位[wei4]
to have priority / to take precedence
joy of first experience (idiom) / the pleasure of reading sth for the first time
deceased grandfather / ancestry
in advance / before the event / beforehand / prior
worthy predecessor / distinguished person of the past / former sage
elders / former generations
advance party / advance troops
a long way in front / to lead by a wide margin
daring vanguard / pioneer / leading figure